This article is about Jesus of Nazareth. For other uses, see Jesus (disambiguation).
| Jesus | |
|---|---|
 Jesus as Good Shepherd (stained glass at St John's Ashfield). | |
| Born | 7–2 BC/BCE[1] Bethlehem, Judaea, Roman Empire(traditional); Nazareth, Galilee (modern critical scholarship)[2] |
| Died | 30–36 AD/CE[3][4][5][6][7] Calvary, Judaea, Roman Empire(according to the New Testament, he rose on the third day after his death.) |
| Cause of death | Crucifixion |
| Resting place | Traditionally and temporarily, agarden tomb in Jerusalem[8] |
| Nationality | Israelite |
| Ethnicity | Jewish |
| Home town | Nazareth, Galilee, Roman Empire |
| Religion | Judaism |
| Parents | Father: God (Christian view) virginal conception (Islamic view) Mother: Saint Mary Adoptive father: Saint Joseph |
Jesus of Nazareth (
/ˈdʒiːzəs/; 7–2 BC/BCE – 30–36 AD/CE), commonly referred to as Jesus Christ or simply as Jesus or Christ, is the central figure of Christianity. Most Christian denominations venerate him as God the Son incarnated and believe that he rose from the dead after being crucified.[9][10]The principal sources of information regarding Jesus are the four canonical gospels,[11] and most biblical scholars find them useful for reconstructing Jesus' life and teachings.[12][13][14][15] Some scholars believe apocryphal texts such as the Gospel of Thomas and the Gospel of the Hebrews are alsorelevant.[16]
/ˈdʒiːzəs/; 7–2 BC/BCE – 30–36 AD/CE), commonly referred to as Jesus Christ or simply as Jesus or Christ, is the central figure of Christianity. Most Christian denominations venerate him as God the Son incarnated and believe that he rose from the dead after being crucified.[9][10]The principal sources of information regarding Jesus are the four canonical gospels,[11] and most biblical scholars find them useful for reconstructing Jesus' life and teachings.[12][13][14][15] Some scholars believe apocryphal texts such as the Gospel of Thomas and the Gospel of the Hebrews are alsorelevant.[16]Most critical historians agree that Jesus was a Jew who was regarded as a teacher and healer, that he was baptized by John the Baptist, and wascrucified in Jerusalem on the orders of the Roman Prefect of Judaea, Pontius Pilate, on the charge of sedition against the Roman Empire.[17] CriticalBiblical scholars and historians have offered competing descriptions of Jesus as a self-described Messiah, as the leader of an apocalyptic movement, as an itinerant sage, as a charismatic healer, and as the founder of an independent religious movement. Most contemporary scholars of the historical Jesusconsider him to have been an independent, charismatic founder of a Jewish restoration movement, anticipating a future apocalypse.[18] Other prominent scholars, however, contend that Jesus' "Kingdom of God" meant radical personal and social transformation instead of a future apocalypse.[18]
Christians traditionally believe that Jesus was born of a virgin,[10]:529–32 performed miracles,[10]:358–59 founded the Church, rose from the dead, andascended into heaven,[10]:616–20 from which he will return.[10]:1091–109 The majority of Christians worship Jesus as the incarnation of God the Son, and "the Second Person of the Blessed Trinity".[19] A few Christian groups, however, reject Trinitarianism, wholly or partly, believing it to be non-scriptural.[19][20]Most Christian scholars today present Jesus as the awaited Messiah promised in the Old Testament and as God,[21] arguing that he fulfilled many Messianic prophecies of the Old Testament.[22]
Judaism rejects assertions that Jesus was the awaited Messiah, arguing that he did not fulfill the Messianic prophecies in the Tanakh.[23] In Islam, Jesus (Arabic: عيسى or يسوع, commonly transliterated as Isa or Yasū, respectively) is considered one of God's important prophets,[24][25] a bringer of scripture, and the product of a virgin birth, but not to have experienced crucifixion.[26] Islam and the Bahá'í Faith use the title "Messiah" for Jesus,[27][28] but do not teach that he was God incarnate.
Etymology of name
“Jesus” is a transliteration, occurring in a number of languages and based on the Latin Iesus, of the Greek Ἰησοῦς (Iēsoûs), itself a Hellenisation of the Hebrew יְהוֹשֻׁעַ(Yĕhōšuă‘, Joshua) or Hebrew-Aramaic יֵשׁוּעַ (Yēšûă‘).meaning "Yahweh delivers (or rescues)".[29][30]Further information: Jesus (name), Holy Name of Jesus, Yeshua (name), and Messiah
The etymology of the name Jesus is generally explained by Christians as "God's salvation" usually expressed as "Yahweh saves",[31][32][33] "Yahweh is salvation"[34][35] and at times as "Jehovah is salvation".[36] The name Jesus appears to have been in use in Judaea at the time of the birth of Jesus.[36][37] AndPhilo's reference (Mutatione Nominum item 121) indicates that the etymology of Joshua was known outside Judaea at the time.[38]
In the New Testament, in Luke 1:26-33 the angel Gabriel tells Mary to name her child Jesus, and in Matthew 1:21 an angel tells Joseph to name the child Jesus. The statement in Matthew 1:21 "you shall call his name Jesus, for he will save his people from their sins" associates salvific attributes to the name Jesus in Christian theology.[39][40]
"Christ" (/ˈkraɪst/) is derived from the Greek Χριστός (Khristós) meaning "the anointed one", a translation of the Hebrew מָשִׁיחַ (Māšîaḥ), usually transliterated intoEnglish as Messiah.[41][42] In the Septuagint version of the Hebrew Bible (written well over a century before the time of Jesus), the word Christ was used to translate into Greek the Hebrew word Māšîaḥ.[43] In Matthew 16:16, Apostle Peter's profession: "You are the Christ" identifies Jesus as the Messiah.[44] In post-biblical usage Christ became a name, one part of the name "Jesus Christ", but originally it was a title (the Messiah) and not a name.[45]
the geographic region of Roman Judaea.[53][54][55][56][57] The New Testament also refers to the Sea of Galilee which is about Further information: Anno Domini, Common Era, and Year zero
Two independent approaches have been used to estimate the year of the birth of Jesus, one by analyzing the Nativity acco
AD/CE as the answer.[56] Using the completely different approach of a lunar eclipse model, Humphreys and Waddington arrived at the conclusion that Friday, April 3, 33 AD/CE was the date of the crucifixion.[57][96]
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